A New and Ecological Method to Quantify Vancomycin in Pharmaceutical Product by Infrared Spectrometry.

Vancomycin, an antimicrobial, does not present quantitative method by infrared spectrometry in the literature for the evaluation of a pharmaceutical product. This technique is considered a clean alternative because in the main, there is no solvent involved and the generation of waste is reduced. So, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a new, ecological, low cost and fast method by infrared spectrometry using KBr and band between 1450-1375 cm-1. It was linear in the range of 1.0-2.0 mg/150 mg, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994. Selective when the spectra of vancomycin reference and sample were compared. Precise by repeatability (2.29%) and intermediate precision (3.12%). Accurate with average recovery of 99.37% and robust when strength and compression time of the pellets and KBr brand were varied. Considering all the methods found in literature, there is not one using infrared spectrometry for quantitative purpose, so the method developed and validated could be considered an innovation and clean alternative. This is due to the fact that it is fast, easy to handle, low cost, and non-toxic as well as generating minimal waste. The method can be applied in the routine analysis of vancomycin dosage form and is an important option for the current and sustainable pharmaceutical analysis.

Cephalothin: Review of Characteristics, Properties, and Status of Analytical Methods.

BACKGROUND: Cephalothin (CET), a first generation cephalosporin, is the most efficient cephalosporin against resistant microorganisms. Many studies found in literature and pharmacopeias propose analytical methods which are most commonly HPLC and microbiological assays. OBJECTIVE: This paper shows a brief review of analytical methods to quantify CET with a green analytical chemistry approach. METHOD: The research data were collected from the literature and official compendia. RESULTS: Most of the analytical methods to determine CET were performed by HPLC and agar diffusion in pharmaceuticals, blood, urine, or water. Other analytical methods were found, such as UV-Vis, iodometry, fluorimetry, IR/Raman, electrochemical, and others in less quantity. One important aspect is that these methods use organic and toxic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile and only about 4% of the methods found use water as solvent. CONCLUSIONS: Research about analytical methods for CET focusing on green analytical chemistry is of great importance and could optimize its analysis in pharmaceutical industries and help to guarantee the quality of the product. More than just the development of new techniques, it is possible to enhance the ones that already exist, applying the green analytical chemistry principles. In this way, it will be possible to reduce the environmental impacts caused by other analytical procedures. HIGHLIGHTS: This work shows a brief review of literature and pharmacopeias of analytical methods to quantify CET. Its quality control can be updated to meet the needs of current analytical chemistry and to fit into sustainable and eco-friendly analysis.

Turbidimetric Method: A New, Ecological, and Fast Way to Evaluate of Vancomycin Potency.

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin, an antimicrobial, has many microbiological methods in literature, but it was not found any that follows the green chemistry principles. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to develop and validate a new microbiological analytical method with a green view to determine the vancomycin potency in lyophilized powder using less quantity of diluents and culture medium, minimizing the costs and reducing the time of analysis. METHODS: The objective will be achieved using the microbiological method by turbidimetry. RESULTS: Water was used as the diluent to prepare the vancomycin solution. BHI broth as used as culture media for the growth of the S. aureus ATCC 25923. The method was linear in the range of 30, 39 and 50.7 µg/mL. It was selective, with vancomycin reference and sample absorbance values very similar. The precision of the method was proved at intraday (RSD 4.42 %), interday (RSD 3.56 %) and intermediate levels (RSD 2.03%). It was accurate with mean recovery of 100.71 % and robust when changes were performed in three parameters of the method and analyzed by the F-Test and t-Test. CONCLUSIONS: The method for evaluating the potency of vancomycin in pharmaceutical product was successfully developed and validated. HIGHLIGHTS: The method can be applied to routine quality control of vancomycin product as an alternative that contemplates the green analytical chemistry and the current pharmaceutical analyzes.